This was mainly because of the stress effect on large pore space (i.e., fractures and vugs). The results showed that after loading, porosity decreased exponentially, followed by an increase during unloading where it did not recover to its initial value. However, there is a serious lack of data with regard to how precisely the pore morphology changes as a function of effective stress we thus carried out in situ loading‐unloading experiments (up to 20 MPa effective stress) where two carbonate samples (fractured and vuggy) were examined with X‐ray computed tomography at high resolution in 3‐D. The associated pore structure-which is of key importance in terms of hydrocarbon production and fluid flow-varies with effective stress. This study shows the advantage of employing speleoseismology in moderate seismic regions, where earthquake effects are rarely preserved in the geological record.įractures, vugs, and pores constitute the main pore space in carbonate reservoirs. Niedźwiedzia Cave shielded environmental earthquake effects from erosion. Although there are sparse historical data that would allow estimating linked seismic hazards, the <8 km distance between the cave and faults should suffice to destroy the speleothems. The other plausible seismic sources are faults in the Upper Nysa Kłodzka Graben located to the east and the Trzebieszowice‐Biela Fault. Located 6, the Sudetic Marginal Fault can produce peak ground acceleration values high enough to break speleothems. We applied ground motion models to determine the probable seismic source size, which is most likely the Sudetic Marginal Fault ‐ one of the most pronounced tectonic structures in Central Europe. Although we cannot unambiguously exclude other agents (frost or gravity collapses), the most likely trigger of damage in the cave was an earthquake, which is supported by timing (the damage occurred independently from climatic conditions in cold and warm periods) and deformation style (damage to the ceiling and walls as well as the passage floor). Events 1, 3 and 4 are robustly constrained, and events 2 and 5 are less certain. #Shoofly oolite idaho movieLarge portions of Idaho the Movie 2 were filmed from the air in a format nearly three times the size of high definition- 5K! The results are gorgeous and showcase the rarely seen, rugged and remote landscapes of Idaho.Multiphase speleothem damage and passage collapse in Niedźwiedzia Cave (NE Bohemian Massif, Poland) were dated with U‐series methods, revealing five events: (1) 320‐306 ka, (2) 253‐236 ka, (3) 162‐158 ka, (4) 132‐135 ka, and (5) >21 ka. #Shoofly oolite idaho full sizeBut what makes this production even more breath-taking is the aerial footage filmed from a full size helicopter with a gyro-stabilized camera. Their crews have criss-crossed the state to capture the outdoor features so many of us rarely get to experience. From the Selkirk Mountains on the Canadian boarder and the many lakes up North, to the Magruder Corridor Wilderness Road which runs through Central Idaho, to the Shoofly Oolite Lakebed in the Owyhee Desert and on over to the Bear Lake National Wildlife Refuge in South East, and just about everywhere in between. For the past year-and-a-half, Wild Eye Productions has been filming all new locations across the state to bring you, Idaho the Movie 2. Shot entirely in Ultra High Definition and beyond, Idaho the Movie 2 delivers a visual feast to anyone looking for an escape into the wild. An artists' theme carries viewers into wild and wide open landscapes- from pristine wilderness areas to desert canyons lost in time, to sparkling big lakes to hidden geothermal hot springs. A sequel to the original Emmy award-winning film, Idaho the Movie 2 reveals timeless beauty in untouched places. Wild Eye Productions announce the release of Idaho the Movie 2.
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